What Is the Difference Between an Axial Fan and a Centrifugal Fan?

1. Introduction

When designing or sourcing air movement solutions for HVAC, industrial equipment, medical devices, or electronics, engineers are often faced with an important question:
Should I use an axial fan or a centrifugal fan?

Both types of fans are essential in modern ventilation and cooling systems, but they serve different purposes and operate on different airflow principles. Choosing the right type can significantly impact system efficiency, noise levels, space requirements, and cost.

In this article, we explain the key differences between axial fans and centrifugal fans, including working principles, airflow patterns, pressure capabilities, typical applications, and how to select the right fan for your project.

2. What Is an Axial Fan?

An axial fan moves air parallel to the fan’s shaft. Its blades rotate around a central axis, drawing air in and pushing it forward in a straight line, much like a propeller.

2.1 Key Characteristics of Axial Fans:

• High airflow (volume)

• Low to medium static pressure

• Compact and lightweight

• Lower noise at free-flow conditions

• Efficient for large volumes of air with minimal resistance

2.2 Common Applications:

• Ventilation systems

• Air conditioning units

• Electronic device cooling

• Automotive fans

• Evaporators and condensers

3. What Is a Centrifugal Fan?

A centrifugal fan, also known as a blower, draws air into the center of the fan and then expels it at a 90-degree angle from the intake. The impellers accelerate the air outward using centrifugal force.

3.1 Key Characteristics of Centrifugal Fans:

• Moderate to high static pressure

• Stable airflow under resistance

• Suitable for long duct systems

• Quieter operation at higher pressure

• Available in forward-curved or backward-curved designs

3.2 Common Applications:

• HVAC duct systems

• Air purification systems

• Industrial machinery cooling

• Cold storage ventilation

• Cleanroom or medical ventilation

4. Axial vs. Centrifugal Fans: Side-by-Side Comparison

5. Working Principle Explained

5.1 Axial Fan Working Principle:

• Air is drawn in and pushed out in the same direction.

• Blades rotate like a propeller.

• High flow, low resistance—best for open-air cooling.

5.2 Centrifugal Fan Working Principle:

• Air enters axially, redirected radially via spinning impellers.

• Produces higher pressure.

• Can push air through filters, ducts, or resistance-heavy systems.

6. EC Technology in Axial and Centrifugal Fans

At PBM, both axial and centrifugal fans are available with advanced EC (Electronically Commutated) motors, offering:

• High efficiency with intelligent speed control (PWM or 0–10V)

• Energy savings up to 70% over traditional AC fans

• Quiet operation with low EMI

• Maintenance-free performance

• Longer life span due to brushless motor design

Whether you need compact axial fans for electronic cooling or high-pressure centrifugal blowers for air purification systems, PBM’s EC fan series meets diverse industrial needs.

7. Which Fan Should You Choose?

The right fan depends on your application’s airflow and pressure needs. Here’s a quick decision guide:

7.1 Choose Axial Fan If:

• You need to move large volumes of air through open space or minimal ductwork.

• Space is limited, and compact design is critical.

• Noise and energy use are top priorities at low resistance.

• You’re cooling electronics, appliances, or small enclosures.

7.2 Choose Centrifugal Fan If:

• You need to push air through ducts, filters, or systems with high static pressure.

• Stable airflow under resistance is critical.

• The environment is industrial, medical, or involves air purification.

• You require higher air pressure with quieter operation under load.

8. Use Cases from PBM Clients Worldwide

8.1 Industrial Machinery

Centrifugal fans used in fume extractors and enclosed machines where high static pressure is needed.

8.2 Cold Chain & Refrigeration

Axial fans keep airflow constant in evaporators and condensing units, where space is limited.

8.3 IT Cooling

Axial EC fans ensure quiet and efficient cooling in server racks and networking equipment.

8.4 Medical Ventilation

Centrifugal EC blowers provide sterile and stable airflow in cleanrooms and isolation rooms.

9. About PBM – Your Expert in Airflow Technology

PBM is a China-based EC motor and fan manufacturer with a strong global presence across over 50 countries. We specialize in:

• EC axial fans

• EC centrifugal fans

• Custom air movement solutions for OEMs

• Intelligent ventilation consulting

• Online technical support and fast lead times

Our mission is to protect the environment and improve indoor air quality with energy-efficient EC fan systems.

10. Conclusion

Understanding the difference between axial fans and centrifugal fans is essential for selecting the right solution for your project. Axial fans offer high airflow in compact designs, perfect for open cooling applications, while centrifugal fans provide higher pressure and stable airflow for ducted or resistance-heavy systems.

With PBM’s advanced EC fan solutions and engineering support, you can optimize performance, reduce energy costs, and extend system life—no matter your industry.

Contact us today for expert advice or custom fan solutions: www.pbmmf.com